Preface

Part 1.Introduction 1

Chapter 1.Introduction 3

1.1Introduction3

1.2Processes, Threads, and the Sharing of Information5

1.3Persistence of IPC Objects6

1.4Name Spaces7

1.5Effect of fork, exec, and exit on IPC Objects9

1.6Error Handling: Wrapper Functions11

1.7Unix Standards13

1.8Road Map to IPC Examples in the Text15

1.9Summary16

Chapter 2.Posix IPC 19

2.1Introduction19

2.2IPC Names19

2.3Creating and Opening IPC Channels22

2.4IPC Permissions25

2.5Summary26

Chapter 3.System V IPC 27

3.1Introduction27

3.2key_t Keys and ftok Function28

3.3ipc_perm Structure30

3.4Creating and Opening IPC Channels30

3.5IPC Permissions32

3.6Identifier Reuse34

3.7ipcs and ipcrm Programs36

3.8Kernel Limits36

3.9Summary38

Part 2.Message Passing 41

Chapter 4.Pipes and FIFOs 43

4.1Introduction43

4.2A Simple Client-Server Example43

4.3Pipes44

4.4Full-Duplex Pipes50

4.5popen and pclose Functions52

4.6FIFOs54

4.7Additional Properties of Pipes and FIFOs58

4.8One Server, Multiple Clients60

4.9Iterative versus Concurrent Servers66

4.10Streams and Messages67

4.11Pipe and FIFO Limits72

4.12Summary73

Chapter 5.Posix Message Queues 75

5.1Introduction75

5.2mq_open, mq_close, and mq_unlink Functions76

5.3mq_getattr and mq_setattr Functions79

5.4mq_send and mq_receive Functions82

5.5Message Queue Limits86

5.6mq_notify Function87

5.7Posix Realtime Signals98

5.8Implementation Using Memory-Mapped I/O106

5.9Summary126

Chapter 6.System V Message Queues 129

6.1Introduction129

6.2msgget Function130

6.3msgsnd Function131

6.4msgrcv Function132

6.5msgctl Function134

6.6Simple Programs135

6.7Client-Server Example140

6.8Multiplexing Messages142

6.9Message Queues with select and poll151

6.10Message Queue Limits152

6.11Summary155

Part 3.Synchronization 157

Chapter 7.Mutexes and Condition Variables 159

7.1Introduction159

7.2Mutexes: Locking and Unlocking159

7.3Producer-Consumer Problem161

7.4Locking versus Waiting165

7.5Condition Variables: Waiting and Signaling167

7.6Condition Variables: Timed Waits and Broadcasts171

7.7Mutexes and Condition Variable Attributes172

7.8Summary174

Chapter 8.Read-Write Locks 177

8.1Introduction177

8.2Obtaining and Releasing Read-Write Locks178

8.3Read-Write Lock Attributes179

8.4Implementation Using Mutexes and Condition Variables179

8.5Thread Cancellation187

8.6Summary192

Chapter 9.Record Locking 193

9.1Introduction193

9.2Record Locking versus File Locking197

9.3Posix fcntl Record Locking199

9.4Advisory Locking203

9.5Mandatory Locking204

9.6Priorities of Readers and Writers207

9.7Starting Only One Copy of a Daemon213

9.8Lock Files214

9.9NFS Locking216

9.10Summary216

Chapter 10.Posix Semaphores 219

10.1Introduction219

10.2sem_open, sem_close, and sem_unlink Functions225

10.3sem_wait and sem_trywait Functions226

10.4sem_post and sem_getvalue Functions227

10.5Simple Programs228

10.6Producer-Consumer Problem233

10.7File Locking238

10.8sem_init and sem_destroy Functions238

10.9Multiple Producers, One Consumer242

10.10Multiple Producers, Multiple Consumers245

10.11Multiple Buffers249

10.12Sharing Semaphores between Processes256

10.13Semaphore Limits257

10.14Implementation Using FIFOs257

10.15Implementation Using Memory-Mapped I/O262

10.16Implementation Using System V Semaphores271

10.17Summary278

Chapter 11.System V Semaphores 281

11.1Introduction281

11.2semget Function282

11.3semop Function285

11.4semctl Function287

11.5Simple Programs289

11.6File Locking294

11.7Semaphore Limits296

11.8Summary300

Part 4.Shared Memory 301

Chapter 12.Shared Memory Introduction 303

12.1Introduction303

12.2mmap, munmap, and msync Functions307

12.3Increment Counter in a Memory-Mapped File311

12.44.4BSD Anonymous Memory Mapping315

12.5SVR4 /dev/zero Memory Mapping316

12.6Referencing Memory-Mapped Objects317

12.7Summary322

Chapter 13.Posix Shared Memory 325

13.1Introduction325

13.2shm_open and shm_unlink Functions326

13.3ftruncate and fstat Functions327

13.4Simple Programs328

13.5Incrementing a Shared Counter333

13.6Sending Messages to a Server336

13.7Summary342

Chapter 14.System V Shared Memory 343

14.1Introduction343

14.2shmget Function343

14.3shmat Function344

14.4shmdt Function345

14.5shmctl Function345

14.6Simple Programs346

14.7Shared Memory Limits349

14.8Summary351

Part 5.Remote Procedure Calls 353

Chapter 15.Doors 355

15.1Introduction355

15.2door_call Function361

15.3door_create Function363

15.4door_return Function364

15.5door_cred Function365

15.6door_info Function365

15.7Examples366

15.8Descriptor Passing379

15.9door_server_create Function384

15.10door_bind, door_unbind, and door_revoke Functions390

15.11Premature Termination of Client or Server390

15.12Summary397

Chapter 16.Sun RPC 399

16.1Introduction399

16.2Multithreading407

16.3Server Binding411

16.4Authentication414

16.5Timeout and Retransmission417

16.6Call Semantics422

16.7Premature Termination of Client or Server424

16.8XDR: External Data Representation426

16.9RPC Packet Formats444

16.10Summary449

Epilogue 453

Appendix A.Performance Measurements 457

A.1Introduction457

A.2Results458

A.3Message Passing Bandwidth Programs467

A.4Message Passing Latency Programs480

A.5Thread Synchronization Programs486

A.6Process Synchronization Programs497

Appendix B.A Threads Primer 501

B.1Introduction501

B.2Basic Thread Functions: Creation and Termination502

Appendix C.Miscellaneous Source Code 505

C.1unpipc.h Header505

C.2config.h Header509

C.3Standard Error Functions510

Appendix D.Solutions to Selected Exercises 515

Bibliography 535

Index 539